作　者：阳镇 陈彦霖 陈劲
关键词：政府公共数据；数字经济；企业数实融合；数据要素
摘　要：

政府公共数据开放作为数据要素市场化配置的关键制度设计，在推动数字经济与实体经济深度融合过程中发挥基础性作用。通过构造企业数实融合测度指标体系，考察政府公共数据开放对企业数实融合的影响效应及其作用机制，研究发现：公共数据开放平台建设显著促进了企业数实融合发展，表现为公共数据开放促进企业技术数实融合和管理数实融合。相关机制检验发现：公共数据开放以优化营商环境、缓解市场信息不对称、加速集聚数字要素和降低企业代理成本等四重机制，有效促进企业数实融合。公共数据开放对非国有企业、技术密集型与资产密集型企业、东部地区企业影响更显著，而且公共数据开放还能通过发挥数据要素乘数效应赋能企业“提质增效”，促进企业高质量发展。因此，需要进一步完善数据基础制度、激活数据要素潜能，加大公共数据开放力度，延展数据要素开放深度，进而加快推进企业数实融合发展。

Government Public Data Openness and Enterprises'Application of Digital Technologies in Real-economy Operations
Yang Zhen (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
Chen Yanlin (University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
Chen Jing (Tsinghua University)
Abstract As a critical institutional design for the market-oriented allocation of data elements, government public data openness plays a foundational role in advancing the in-dept integration of the digital economy and the real economy. By constructing an indicator system to measure enterprises’ application of digital technologies in real-economy operations, this study examines the impact and underlying mechanisms of public data openness on such applications. The findings reveal that the construction of public data open platforms significantly promotes such applications, particularly in terms of technological and managerial dimensions. Mechanism analysis shows that public data openness effectively facilitates such applications through four channels: optimizing the business environment, alleviating market information asymmetry, accelerating the agglomeration of digital factors, and reducing agency costs for enterprises. Public data openness exerts a more salient influence on non-state-owned enterprises, technology-intensive and asset-intensive enterprises, and enterprises in eastern China. Moreover, it enables enterprises to "enhance quality and efficiency" through the multiplier effect of data elements, thereby supporting their high-quality development. Therefore, it is essential to further improve data infrastructure systems, unlock the potential of data elements, broaden the scale of public data openness, extend the scope of data elements availability, and thus accelerate enterprises’ application of digital technologies in real-economy operations.
Key words government public data; digital economy; enterprises' application of digital technologies in real-economy operations; data elements

 

■ 作者简介 阳镇，中国社会科学院工业经济研究所副研究员，北京 100006；陈彦霖，中国社会科学院大学政府管理学院博士研究生，北京 102488；陈劲，清华大学经济管理学院教授，北京 100084。 

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