作　者：杨志浩 李晓华
关键词：国家标准；本土企业；标准制定；固定资产折旧；企业创新；创新成果转化
摘　要：

国家标准是国家制度体系的重要组成部分。利用“重要技术标准研究”专项试点构造准自然实验，结合双重差分法、工具变量法和宏微观数据，可以考察国家标准提升战略对本土企业创新的影响。基准研究表明，国家标准提升战略显著促进了本土企业创新。机制分析发现，国家标准提升战略通过推动本土企业参与国家标准制定、加速固定资产折旧机制，促进了本土企业创新。拓展分析表明，在中央关于增强宏观政策取向一致性的要求下，实施反垄断和减税费政策有助于进一步扩大国家标准提升战略的创新促进效应；国家标准提升战略对高新技术产业和民营企业的创新促进效应，显著高于传统产业和国有企业。进一步研究发现，国家标准提升战略促进了实质性创新、策略性创新和高质量创新，但没有改善创新成果转化水平。建议政府继续优化并推进新一轮国家标准提升战略，注重其与各项宏观政策的取向一致性，同时依托国家标准有效解决我国创新成果转化率不足的问题。

 

National Standard Upgrading Strategy and Indigenous Enterprise Innovation Evidence from the Special Pilot Initiative of "Important Technical Standards Research"
Yang Zhihao（Chinese Academy of Social Sciences）Li Xiaohua（University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences）
Abstract National standards constitute an integral part of a country's institutional system. This paper constructs a quasi-natural experiment based on the special pilot initiative of "Important Technical Standards Research" to examine the impact of the National Standards Upgrade Strategy (NSUS) on indigenous enterprises' innovation, by combining the difference-in-differences method, instrumental variable approach, and macro-micro data. The baseline findings reveal that the NSUS significantly drives indigenous enterprises' innovation. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that the strategy works by encouraging their participation in national standards formulation and by accelerating the fixed-assets depreciation mechanism. Extended heterogeneous analysis indicates that, in line with the central government's requirement to strengthen consistency in the orientation of macroeconomic policies, the enforcement of antitrust and tax-and-fee reduction policies further amplifies the innovation-promoting effect of the NSUS; the strategy exerts a substantially stronger innovation-promoting effect on high-tech industries and private enterprises than on traditional industries and state- owned enterprises. Further research finds that the NSUS facilitates substantive innovation, strategic innovation, and high-quality innovation, yet fails to improve the efficiency of market application of innovative advances. It is recommended that the government continue to refine and implement a new round of NSUS, pay due attention to its policy-orientation consistency with various macroeconomic policies, and leverage national standards to improve the market application of innovative achievements in China.
Key words national standards; indigenous enterprises; formulation of standards; fixed-assets depreciation; enterprise innovation; market application of innovations

■ 作者简介 杨志浩，中国社会科学院工业经济研究所副研究员，北京 100006；李晓华（通讯作者），中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院教授，北京 102488。 

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