作　者：孙亮
关键词：《资本论》；规范性；自我立法；社会结构批判
摘　要：

针对“马克思与规范性问题”的学术纷争，弗兰克·库勒以康德“自我立法”的观念为基础，重构了一种马克思的“形式化的规范性”维度。在他看来，《资本论》的批判性源于资本主义社会结构对实践主体自我立法能力的否定，因而资本主义批判在事实意义上依赖于一种康德式的“自我立法”命题。这一解读表面上突破了《资本论》研究传统中的道德化、伦理化或经济客观主义路径，使资本主义批判获得某种形式上的规范性来源，同时，这也以法权主义的方式消解了《资本论》的革命性。然而，从历史唯物主义的立场看，自我立法只是特定社会结构下的产物，不能把特定历史条件下产生的法权—政治结构，当作任何社会都无法超越的普遍前提，而是应该坚持否定资本主义社会关系，后者才是开启另一种存在方式的科学道路。

Das Kapital and Self-legislation Reflections on a Normative Proposal for Reconstructing Marx's Critique of Capitalism
Sun Liang（East China Normal University）
Abstract In response to the academic debate over ''Marx and the problem of normativity'', Frank Kuhler reconstructs a Marxian ''formal normativity'' grounded in Kant's notion of ''self-legislation''. He contends that the critical force of Das Kapital derives from the capitalist social structure's negation of the practical subject's capacity for self-legislation, such that the critique of capitalism ultimately rests upon a Kantian proposition of ''self-legislation''. This interpretation appears to have moved beyond the moralizing, ethical, and economic objectivist approaches prevalent in traditional study of Das Kapital, granting the critique of capitalism a certain source of formalistic normativity, while neutralizing the revolutionary character of Das Kapital in a juridical manner. From the standpoint of historical materialism, however, self-legislation itself is merely a product of determinate social structures; no juridico-political structure generated under particular historical conditions can be treated as a universal premise valid for all societies. On the contrary, the scientific path to an alternative mode of existence lies in the sustained negation of capitalist social relations.
Key words Das Kapital; normativity; self-legislation; critique of social structure

 

■ 作者简介 孙亮，华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所教授，上海 200241。 

[PDF]（下载数：）