作　者：孙绍勇 刘慧芳
关键词：奈格里；诸众；生命政治；政治哲学
摘　要：

生命政治是当代西方激进左翼政治哲学探讨的重要议题。奈格里以福柯的生命政治思想为理论资源，构建了诸众主体。诸众是被主导政治体所排斥却内嵌在社会生产中的多元混杂的贫穷主体。就内在机理而言，贫穷激发了诸众力量的身体要素，使生命潜能得到激活。事实上，生命潜能不仅是诸众生命政治主体性生产的前提，也是诸众实现自身解放的基础。作为直接掌管生死的权力，生命权力以无孔不入的方式对诸众的身体乃至意识施以精细且隐秘的控制，这就导致诸众的生产、生活乃至整个生命都受到生命权力的规训。与生命权力相对，生命政治是在地化生命的生产力量，孕育着主体性创生，并在生命政治生产过程中产生共同性。在生命政治框架下，诸众要实现自身解放，就需要占有共同性，形成“反抗先于权力”的意识，构建去中心化的共同体网络组织以突破生命权力的宰制，激活生命潜能。奈格里以生命政治哲学为理论基底构建的诸众理论，为唤醒诸众的主体性、探索生命政治实践路径提供了理论资源，但他忽略了生命政治本身也可能被资本吸纳并转化为新型控制形式的可能性，因而带有一定的理想化色彩。

An Interpretation of Negri's Multitude Theory From The Perspective of Biopolitical Philosophy
Sun Shaoyong，Liu Huifang（Northwestern Polytechnical University）
Abstract Biopolitics is an important topic in contemporary Western radical left-wing political philosophy. Negri, drawing on Foucault's biopolitical thought, constructed the subject of multitude. The multitude is a plural and heterogeneous ensemble of impoverished subjects embedded in social production yet excluded by the dominant political order. In terms of its internal mechanism, poverty stimulates the bodily elements of the multitude's power, activating their life potential. In fact, life potential is not only the premise for multitude's production of biopolitical subjectivity but also the foundation for their self-emancipation. However, as a power that directly administers life and death, biopower exerts meticulous and covert control over the multitude's bodies and even their consciousness in an all-pervasive manner, dominating their production, life, and entire existence. In contrast to biopower, biopolitics stands as the productive force of localized life and nurtures the creation of subjectivity. Within the biopolitical framework, for the multitude to achieve emancipation, they need to possess "commonality", develop the awareness that "resistance precedes power", and construct a decentralized community of network-based organization to break free from the domination of biopower and activate their life potential. Negri's theory of the multitude, based on biopolitical philosophy, provides theoretical resources for awakening the subjectivity of the multitude and exploring the pathways of biopolitical practice. However, he overlooked the possibility that biopolitics itself might be absorbed by capitalist power and transformed into a new form of domination, thus lending his theory a certain idealistic tint.
Key words Negri; multitude; biopolitics; political philosophy

 

■ 作者简介 孙绍勇，西北工业大学马克思主义学院教授，陕西 西安 710072；刘慧芳，西北工业大学马克思主义学院博士研究生。

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