作　者：张皓
关键词：国共和平谈判；何应钦；蒋桂之争；“合情合理的和平”
摘　要：

何应钦是国民党拯救其统治崩溃的“最后一张王牌”，同1949年进行的北平国共和平谈判存在密切关联。为了“备战言和”，蒋介石、桂系两大集团找出可以接受且受中共欢迎的何应钦担任行政院长。桂系认为同他合作可以重演以前联合打败孙传芳的历史，蒋介石认为通过他可以掌控和平谈判。为了争取“合情合理的和平”，何应钦竭力组织“和平”内阁和谈判代表团，拟定谈判要点。在中国历史发展的必然趋势下，何应钦拟调节蒋桂矛盾、通过和平谈判取得“划江而治”的“和平”，是根本不可能的。他除了同蒋介石集团决裂、接受《国内和平协定（最后修正案）》外，并无其他路可走。国民党企图通过何应钦这张“王牌”达到挽救统治崩溃的目的，完全不可能实现。

Ho Ying-chin's Assumption of the Premiership of the Executive Yuan and Beiping Peace Talks between Kuomingtang and CPC
Zhang Hao（Huazhong University of Science and Technology）
Abstract Closely associated with the peace talks between Kumingtang and Communist Party of China (CPC) held in Beiping in 1949, Ho Ying-chin was seen by the Kuomintang as its "last resort" to salvage its collapsing rule. To facilitate their "war preparations coupled with peace overtures", the Chiang Kai-shek clique and the Kwangsi clique sought out Ho Ying-chin, who was both acceptable to them and to CPC, to serve as premier of the Executive Yuan. The Kwangsi clique believed that cooperation with Ho could replicate their previous victory over Sun Chuanfang, while Chiang Kai-shek thought he could maintain control over the peace process via Ho. In for a bid to secure a "reasonable peace", Ho spared no effort in cobbling together a "peace" cabinet and a negotiation delegation, while also drafting key points for the negotiation proposals. Given the inexorable course of China's historical development, Ho was ultimately unable to secure a "peace deal" predicated on "rule along the Yangtze River" while mediating the contradictions between the Chiang and Kwangsi cliques. Ho was left with no choice but to break away from Chiang Kai-shek clique and accept "the Domestic Peace Agreement (Final Amended Version)". Ultimately the Kuomintang's attempt to use Ho as the "last resort" to salvage its collapsing rule proved entirely unattainable.
Key words the peace talks between Kumingtang and Communist Party of China; Ho Ying-chin; the contradictions between Chiang Kai-shek and Kwangsi cliques; "reasonable peace"

 

■ 作者简介 张皓，华中科技大学马克思主义学院特聘教授， 湖北 武汉 430074。 

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