作　者：宋华琳 徐云鹏
关键词：平台规制；行业自律；自我规制；元规制；规制与治理；数字治理
摘　要：

我国学界普遍将平台对用户的管理视为平台自我规制的实践，并主张通过元规制路径回应平台自我规制的失范。然而，既有研究未能充分阐释互联网平台自我规制的变迁与当下的困境。平台自我规制与传统自我规制并不相同，其权力结构、规制主体和规制对象均发生了变迁。当前平台自我规制的困境主要不在于元规制的缺位，而在于规则制定的资源错配、规则执行的碎片化以及问责机制的不完整。我国应在合作治理框架下，从规则制定、规则实施和监督问责三个方面完善平台自我规制制度。在规则制定层面，国家立法需秉持辅助性原则，审慎制定国家法规范，且不宜由地方立法规定平台自我规制事项；同时还应激活行业自律规范，并对平台规则制定予以限制，实现不同规范的分层衔接。在规则实施层面，需要建立行业层面的事实认定标准与解释协调制度，并探寻平台规则实施的正当程序。在监督与问责层面，需构建平台内部制衡、行业与第三方外部校正以及国家兜底保障相结合的多层次问责体系。

Reflections on Internet Platform Self-regulation And the Institutional Responses
Song Hualin，Xu Yunpeng (Nankai University)
Abstract The academic community in China generally regards platform governance over users as a form of self-regulation, and advocates addressing its dysfunctions through a meta-regulatory approach. However, existing studies have largely failed to elucidate the evolution and current predicaments of Internet plat_ form self-regulation. Platform self-regulation today differs from its traditional counterpart, as its power structure, regulators, and regulatees have all undergone significant transformation. The current predicaments of platform self-regulation lie not in the absence of meta-regulation, but rather in the misallocation of rule-making resources, the fragmented rule implementation, and the incomplete accountability mechanisms. China should pursue institutional improvements in response to the above three aspects within the framework of collaborative governance At the rule-making level, national legislation should prudently formulate national legal norms in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, while local legislations should stay away from matters pertaining to platform self-regulation; industry self-regulatory norms should also be activated and platform rule-making should be subject to appropriate restrictions, so as to achieve layered coordination among different types of norms. At the rule implementation level, it is advisable to establish industry-wide fact-finding standards and coordinated interpretation mechanisms, and to explore the due process in platform rules implementation. At the supervision and accountability level, a multi-layered accountability system should be constructed, combining internal checks and balances within platforms, external corrections by the industry bodies and third parties, and guaranteed state oversight.
Key words platform regulation; industry self-regulation; self-regulation; meta-regulation; regulation and governance; digital governance

 

■ 作者简介 宋华琳，南开大学法学院教授，天津 300350；徐云鹏，南开大学法学院博士研究生。 

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