作　者：方瑞
关键词：《1857-1858年经济学手稿》；两条道路；经验抽象；形式抽象；政治经济学批判
摘　要：

 “两条道路”方法的科学阐释，是在与古典政治经济学方法论的内在争议中形成的。虽然马克思对这一方法的辩证重构彻底超越了纯粹经验归纳或形式抽象的旧有路径，但在后续学界的阐释中仍存在着混淆“两条道路”的层级关系与功能定位的倾向。为此，有必要回到《1857-1858年经济学手稿》的原始语境，重新厘定“从具体到抽象”与“从抽象上升到具体”的阐释边界。马克思以自然科学的精确性为基础，通过对国民经济事实的系统考察，确立了第一条道路作为经验整理环节的唯物主义前提，从而克服了古典政治经济学在具体与抽象关系问题上的图式化倾向。然而，仅停留于一般的抽象规定，无法把握作为“具体总体”的资本主义社会结构，这就必须通过第二条道路即在思维中系统再现现实的具体，从而在逻辑与历史的统一中为“两条道路”的阐释功能划定严格的理论边界。这一方法论层面的自觉划界，不仅构成了政治经济学批判科学化的核心环节，也为当代中国自主知识体系的建构提供了重要的方法论依据。

Interpretive Boundaries and Methodological Significance Of The "Two Paths" Method
——An Investigation Centered on Grundrisse der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie （Rohentwurf，1857-1858）
Fang Rui
（Zhejiang University）
Abstract The scientific elaboration of the "Two Paths" method took shape amid inherent methodological controversies with classical political economy. While Marx's dialectical reconstruction of this method thoroughly transcended the older approaches of purely empirical induction or formal abstraction, subsequent scholarly interpretations have nonetheless tended to confuse the hierarchical relationship and functional positioning of the "Two Paths". Therefore, it is necessary to return to the original context of Grundrisse der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Rohentwurf,1857-1858) to redefine the interpretive boundaries between "ascending from the concrete to the abstract" and "ascending from the abstract to the concrete''. Building upon the precision of natural science and systematic empirical examination of national economic realities, Marx established the first path as the materialist premise for organizing empirical data, thereby overcoming the schematic bias of classical political economy in handling the concrete-abstract relationship. However, mere fixation on general abstract determinations fails to grasp the capitalist social structure as a "concrete totality''. This necessitates engaging the second path to systematically reconstruct the concrete reality within thought, thereby delineating strict theoretical boundaries for the interpretive function of the "Two Paths" within the unity of logic and history. This conscious demarcation at the methodological level not only constitutes a core aspect of rendering the critique of political economy scientific, but also provides significant methodological grounding for the construction of a contemporary Chinese independent knowledge system.
Key words Grundrisse der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Rohentwurf,1857-1858); the "Two Paths" method; empirical abstraction; formal abstraction; critique of political economy

 

■ 作者简介 方瑞 ，浙江大学马克思主义学院副教授，浙江大学马克思主义理论创新与传播研究中心、中国特色社会主义研究中心研究员，浙江 杭州 310058。

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