作　者：朱文旭
关键词：“君王镜鉴”；“明君”；君主类型；中世纪晚期
摘　要：

在君主制盛行的中世纪西欧，“君王镜鉴”对明君形象的想象与建构持续演进。12至13世纪，基于亚里士多德《政治学》的不同版本，“君王镜鉴”的三大母本塑造了三种明君形象。13世纪后，“君王镜鉴”母本在西欧多国被转译和再创作，明君理念随之传播。其中，中世纪英国的“君王镜鉴”演变脉络清晰、种类多样，较为系统完善地接受并改写明君理念。中世纪晚期英国的“君王镜鉴”作者，在剧烈的政治鼎革中推动明君理念从德性明君走向基于政治实用主义塑造的强力之君。这既是中世纪晚期英国政治理念与政治实践缠绕交织、务实去华的产物，也是“君王镜鉴”承载的政治思想在中世纪演进的重要一环。

 

On the Ideal Ruler in "Specula Principum" of Medieval England: Discourse, Evolution and Practice
Zhu Wenxu
(Peking University）
Abstract In medieval Europe, where monarchical rule prevailed, the conception and construction of the ideal monarch, as exemplified by the "specula principum", evolved continuously over time. Three archetypes of this genre shaped as many models of the ideal monarch in the 12th and 13th centuries, based on different versions of Aristotle's Politics. After the 13th century, these three archetypes of "specula principum" were translated and rewritten across various Western European countries and the three models of ideal rulers spread accordingly. The evolution of the "specula principum" in medieval England was both clear and diverse, as English writers systematically adopted and reworked the concept of the ideal ruler. Amid drastic political upheavals of the late Middle Ages, English authors of this genre steered the ideal kingship away from a moral virtues centered model towards one grounded in political pragmatism. This shift stemmed from the intertwined development and practical refinement of political thought and statecraft in late medieval England, and marked an important stage in the evolution of the political ideas embodied in the "specula principum" tradition across the medieval era.
Key words "specula principum"; ideal kingship; monarchy types; the late Middle Ages

 

■ 作者简介 朱文旭，北京大学历史学系博雅博士后、助理研究员，北京 100871。

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