作　者：楼庭坚
关键词：生成式人工智能；认知主权；思维退化；心智健身房；认知外包；认知分层
摘　要：

生成式人工智能的崛起正引发系统性的“认知外包”，挑战着主流的增强叙事。AI从“认知副驾驶”向主动代理的演进，遵循用进废退的神经可塑性原理，可能导致人类核心认知能力（尤其是执行功能）在个体层面出现结构性萎缩。在一个以“认知负荷最小化”为原则且极具规训力量的“认知生态系统”催化下，这一微观风险正迅速蔓延为宏观的社会后果。作为一种补偿性实践，“心智健身房”的构想应运而生，其旨在通过“认知阻力训练”对抗思维退化。然而，这种实践极可能演变为区隔性的精英活动，从而催生并固化一种基于“认知主权”的全新社会分层；它将在能够驾驭AI的“认知贵族”与心智日渐萎缩的“认知依赖者”之间撕裂出深刻鸿沟，进而对社会流动性、创新活力乃至民主政治构成长期威胁。

 

The Twilight of Cognitive Sovereignty: Cognitive Outsourcing In The Large Model Era and the Conception of ''Mental Gymnasium''

Lou Tingjian

（Tsinghua University）

Abstract  The rise of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is triggering systematic "Cognitive Outsourcing", challenging the prevailing augmented narrative. As AI evolves from a "cognitive copilot" to an active agent, human core cognitive abilities-particularly executive functions-may undergo structural atrophy at the individual level, consistent with the neuroplastic principle of ''use it or lose it''. Catalyzed by a ''cognitive ecosystem'' defined by the principle of minimizing cognitive load and wielding powerful disciplinary force, this micro-level risk is rapidly escalating into macro social consequences. In response, the conception of the "Mental Gymnasium" arises as a compensatory practice, aiming to counter cognitive degeneration via "cognitive resistance training". Yet this practice risks becoming exclusive elite activity, thereby creating and entrenching a novel social stratification based on "cognitive sovereignty". This will create a profound divide between the "cognitive aristocrats" who can command AI and the "cognitive dependents" with atrophying mental capacities, posing a long-term threat to social mobility, innovation and even democracy.

Key words  generative artificial intelligence; cognitive sovereignty; cognitive degeneration; mental gymnasium; cognitive outsourcing; cognitive stratification

 

■ 作者简介  楼庭坚，清华大学人文学院助理研究员，北京 100084。

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