作　者：程萌
关键词：劳动力商品化；剩余价值论；人工智能；知识价值论；一般智力
摘　要：

马克思以资本主义社会劳动力成为商品的事实为前提，揭露了古典政治经济学劳动价值论的缺陷，创立了剩余价值论，并将社会主义置于科学基础之上。在马克思看来，劳动力商品化只具有表面意义的平等，实则掩盖了资本对劳动的剥削。人工智能时代出现的所谓“知识价值论”，试图用资本主义经济智能化转型后劳动形态、价值形成等变化为依据否定剩余价值论。实际上，这种观点严重混淆了知识在价值创造中作用提升与价值源泉转移的区别。作为一种具体劳动，知识劳动本身不创造价值，仅形成使用价值，抽象劳动才是价值的唯一源泉。特别是知识劳动力商品在智能化生产过程中被资本占有并转化为“总体工人”的一部分，这恰恰构成了剩余价值生产的当代形态。就此而言，资本主义生产社会化和生产资料私人占有之间的基本矛盾，就暴露为知识社会化与资本私有化的对立，加剧了不平等。为解决上述问题，必然要通过社会主义公有制来解放“一般智力”，进而从形式平等走向实质平等。

 

On the Commodification of Labor Power and a Critique Of The "Theory of Knowledge Value" in the Intelligent Era

Cheng Meng

(Wuhan University）

Abstract  Starting from the fact that labor power has become a commodity in capitalist society, Karl Marx revealed the deficiencies of the classical political economy's labor theory of value, established the theory of surplus value and laid scientific foundation for socialism. In Marx's view, the equality embodied in the commodification of labor power is merely formal, as it effectively masks the exploitation of labor by capital. In the artificial intelligence era, the so-called "theory of knowledge value" attempts to refute the theory of surplus value by invoking changes in labor form and value formation resulting from the intelligent transformation of the capitalist economy. In fact, this view seriously confuses the increased role of knowledge in value creation with an actual shift in the source of value. As a concrete form of labor, intellectual labor creates use value rather than value itself, while abstract labor constitutes the sole source of value. Particularly, the commoditified intellectual labor force is appropriated by capital within intelligent production and incorporated into a part of the "general worker", a formation that constitutes precisely the contemporary modality of surplus value production. In this regard, capitalism's fundamental contradiction between the socialized production and the private ownership of the means of production manifests as the antithesis between the socialization of knowledge and the privatization of capital, thereby intensifying inequality. To solve the above problems, it is imperative to liberate "general intelligence" through socialist public ownership, thereby moving from formal equality to substantive equality.

Key words  labor commodification; theory of surplus value; artificial intelligence; theory of knowledge value; general intellect

 

■ 作者简介  程萌，武汉大学哲学学院特聘副研究员，湖北 武汉 430072。

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