作　者：孟爱云 刘馨雨
关键词：口岸；气候；健康；历史书写；全球殖民话语
摘　要：

殖民气候话语在帝国主义与殖民事业中所扮演的角色，是学界长期关注的议题。近代西方殖民者在全球南方热带地区的高死亡率，导致西人对南方气候与健康关系产生焦虑。与之形成鲜明对照的是，五口通商初期的福州却被来华西人归类为健康的口岸城市，特别是新教传教士基于气象测量、个体感知、地理想象和地方实践等多种因素的气候书写，逐渐将福州塑造为“最健康的口岸”。他们对福州气候的认知是殖民气候话语的地方表征，通过将福州“健康”的非热带环境与“致命”的热带地区加以区分，强化了近代西方帝国对全球气候的分类体系。19世纪50年代的疫病在福州西人群体中的蔓延，一度对其气候和健康关系的历史书写构成挑战。面对外界对当地气候的质疑，他们借助“气候适应论”的医学解释观点，有力地捍卫了福州气候的健康性书写。“气候适应论”既是对开埠早期在榕西人与福州城市空间互动的生动写照，又是全球殖民话语下西人对近代中国南方口岸城市的一种特殊历史殖民叙事。

 

The Special Historical Narratives of "Climate" and "Health" In Modern Southern Treaty Ports

 ——A Case Study of Fuzhou as "the Healthiest Port" in the 1840s and 1850s

Meng Aiyun, Liu Xinyu

(Northeast Normal University)

Abstract  The role of colonial climate discourse in imperialism and colonial undertakings has long occupied scholarly attention. High mortality rates among modern Western colonizers across the tropical regions of the Global South aroused anxiety about the link between southern climate and human health. In sharp contrast, Fuzhou, one of the five treaty ports, was regarded as a salubrious port city by Western visitors in the early period of port opening and even "the healthiest port city" according to some Protestant missionaries' climate narratives based on meteorological observations, personal perceptions, geographical imaginations and local practices. Their understandings of Fuzhou's climate constituted a localized expression of global colonial climate discourse. By distinguishing the "healthy" non-tropical environment of Fuzhou from the "deadly" tropical regions, they consolidated the global climatic classification system of Western imperialism. The spread of epidemics among the Western community in Fuzhou during the 1850s temporarily challenged such established narrative. Faced with growing doubts over regional climatic conditions, Westerners defended their discourse on Fuzhou's salubrity by resorting to the medical theory of climatic acclimatization. This theory not only encapsulates the interactions between Western sojourners and Fuzhou's urban environment in the early treaty-port era, but also represented a unique historical colonial narrative forged by Westerners regarding modern Chinese treaty ports under global colonial discourse.

Key words   treaty-port; climate; health; historical narrative; global colonial discourse

 

■ 作者简介  孟爱云 东北师范大学历史文化学院副教授，吉林 长春 130024；刘馨雨 东北师范大学历史文化学院博士研究生。 

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