作　者：洪浩 郑旺佳
关键词：司法解释冲突；二元一级制；审判解释；检察解释；联合解释；监察体制改革
摘　要：

“两高”刑事司法解释冲突的现象时有发生，不仅因解释形式的不同可能导致的效力冲突，也存在解释对象、内容、方法等层面的冲突。表明冲突现象已从解释规范及其结论的冲突逐渐演变为解释起草者等认知视角的冲突，其本质源于司法解释主体之间的职能差异。究其原因，现行“二元一级”解释体制的局限性，决定了解释主体之间存在较大观点分歧；刑事诉讼中公诉权与审判权的职能互动关系，使得“两高”基于诉讼目的和治理责任的不同以发布司法解释；另有司法解释冲突解决的原则性条款虚置、司法解释冲突协调机制长期阙如等。故而，需构建以联合解释为主、遵循审判解释效力优先的解释体制，统一司法解释的普遍适用性，明确“两高”司法解释的内部效力位阶；建立司法解释冲突的内外协调机制，“两高”共同制定司法解释制发的工作规范，并确立“两高”司法解释冲突的备案审查机制，以激活立法解释对司法解释冲突的纠偏功能，进而达到消解“两高”刑事司法解释冲突之目的。

 

The Phenomenon, Causes and Resolution of the Conflict In Criminal Judicial Interpretations Issued by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate

Hong Hao，Zheng Wangjia（Wuhan University）

Abstract Frequent conflicts occur in criminal judicial interpretations issued by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate (Two Supermes). These conflicts arise not only from potential clashes in legal validity due to differing interpretive formats but also at the levels of interpretive objects, content and methodologies. Such phenomena suggest that interpretive conflicts have transcended mere discrepancies in norms and conclusions, evolving into cognitive divergences among drafters, a shift fundamentally root‐ ed in the functional disparities between judicial interpretation authorities. The underlying causes include: the constraints of current "dual single-tier" interpretive structure lead to substantial disagreements among interpretive authorities; the interactive dynamics between prosecutorial and judicial powers in criminal proceedings have prompted the "Two Supermes" to issue interpretations reflecting divergent litigation objectives and governance responsibilities; additionally, the principle-based provisions for resolving judicial interpretation conflicts remain nominal, while a durable institutional mechanism for conflict coordination has yet to be established. To address these issues, it is imperative to establish an interpretation system that prioritizes joint interpretations while upholding the primacy for trial-centered interpretations, ensuring the uniform applicability of judicial interpretations and clarifying the internal hierarchical validity of interpretations issued by the "Two Supermes"; Furthermore, an internal-external coordination mechanism for interpretive conflicts should be established, including joint work norms for drafting and issuing interpretations by the "Two Supermes" and a filing-and-review system for their interpretive conflicts. This would activate the corrective function of legislative interpretations in resolving judicial interpretation conflicts, thereby achieving the goal of harmonizing divergent criminal judicial interpretations issued by the "Two Supermes".

Key words the conflict between judicial interpretations; dual single-tier system of judicial interpretation; trail interpretation; prosecutorial interpretation; joint interpretation; reform of the supervisory system

 

■作者简介 洪 浩，武汉大学法学院教授，湖北 武汉430072；郑旺佳，武汉大学法学院博士研究生。

[PDF]（下载数：）