作　者：郑晓剑
关键词：比例原则；成本收益分析；民法；私法自治
摘　要：

在民法上，比例原则并非“他乡之客”，民法上的诸多规范已经蕴含了比例原则的原理和要求。不仅如此，比例原则并非只有一个面向，其既是一种法律构造，也是一种方法论工具，具有跨领域的普遍适用性。通过揭示和阐明比例原则在民法内外体系中的定位和作用，可以获取比例原则在我国民法上的整体图景，由此可为比例原则的民法适用提供必要指引。在民法的内部体系中，比例原则可作为私法自治的保障机制、法益权衡的方法原则和民法基本原则的规范化手段发挥重要作用。在民法的外部体系中，比例原则可以发挥解释与评价的重要功能，助推民法的更新与进步。比例原则在民法内外体系中所具有的上述功能相互影响、彼此支撑，确保民法成为一个逻辑连贯、价值协调的融贯体系。

 

Principle of Proportionality and the Civil Law's System Of Inside and Outside

Zheng Xiaojian（Xiamen University）

Abstract  The principle of proportionality in civil law is no "stranger from afar", because many norms in civil law already embody the tenets and requirements inherent to it. Moreover, the principle is not confined to a single dimension; it functions both as a legal construct and a methodological tool, with universal applicability across diverse fields. By revealing and clarifying the position and role of the principle of proportionality within both the internal and external systems of civil law, the overall picture of its applications in China's civil law can be obtained, which can provide necessary guidance for its practical implementation. In the internal system of civil law, the principle of proportionality can play a pivotal role as a safeguard mechanism for autonomy of private law, a methodological principle for balancing legal interests and a normative instrument for refining fundamental civil law principles. In the external system of civil law, this principle fulfills critical functions of interpretation and evaluation, promoting the renewal and progress of civil law. The aforementioned functions interact and mutually reinforce one another, making civil law a coherent and value-aligned legal framework.

Key words  the principle of proportionality; cost-benefit analysis; civil law; autonomy of private law

 

■    作者简介  郑晓剑，厦门大学法学院教授，福建 厦门 361005。

 

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