作　者：朱广新
关键词：惩罚性赔偿；补偿性赔偿；过罚相当原则；产品责任；知假买假；消费者保护；与有过失
摘　要：

依据《食品安全法》和《药品管理法》的明确规定，食品药品惩罚性赔偿作为一种以补偿性赔偿为存在前提的法定权利，应当以消费者遭受损害为构成要件。根据惩罚性赔偿的规范功能与规范体系，食品药品惩罚性赔偿还应在补偿性赔偿成立的基础上满足两个加重要件，即明知食品药品存在缺陷仍然生产、销售，以及缺陷产品造成死亡或健康严重损害的后果。“知假买假”者能否获得惩罚性赔偿，关键不在于“知假买假”者是否属于消费者，而在于“知假买假”者能否在可以获得补偿性赔偿的基础上证成惩罚性赔偿的两个加重要件。“知假买假”者能否获得惩罚性赔偿，还应当依《民法典》第1173 条规定的与有过失（过失相抵）进行判断。

 

Exploration of the Constituent Elements over Punitive Damages for Food and Drugs

Zhu Guangxin（Chinese Academy of Social Sciences）

Abstract According to the explicit provisions of the Food Safety Law and the Drug Administration Law, punitive damages for food and drug issues, as a statutory right based on compensatory damages, should have the constituent element of consumers suffering damages. In accordance with the regulatory function and regulatory system of punitive damages, punitive damages for food and drug issues should also meet two conditions for harsh penalties on the basis of the establishment of compensatory damages, namely, the producer or seller still manufactures and sells the food or drug even with the knowledge of its defects and the defective product results in death or severe health damage. The key to obtaining punitive damages for willful buyers of flawed commodities is not whether they are qualified consumers, but whether they can meet the two conditions for punitive damages on the basis of being eligible for compensatory damages. Whether willful buyers can receive punitive damages should also be judged in light of the contributory negligence stipulated in Article 1173 of the Civil Code.

Key words punitive damages; compensatory damages; principle of proportionality in punishment; product liability; willful purchase of flawed commodities; consumer protection; contributory negligence

 

■    作者简介  朱广新，中国社会科学院法学研究所研究员，北京 100720。

 

[PDF]（下载数：）