作　者：黄开发
关键词：20 世纪五六十年代；抒情散文；政治抒情；诗化；杨朔；刘白羽；秦牧
摘　要：

20 世纪五六十年代兴起了一次政治抒情的散文潮流。这一时期的散文抒发政治性情感，表达政治性理念以及民族国家想象。政治抒情的散文与同时期的政治抒情诗一样描摹意象、营造意境，散文作家们把意境视为散文美学的最高境界。杨朔、刘白羽、秦牧等代表性作家追求诗意，借鉴古典诗词，强调情、景、理的融合。意境本指情景交融的艺术境界，而“理”更多显示出政治理念化的特征。杨朔常通过勾勒具有一定代表性的人物，借人物抒情，赞美党培养人民，赞美人民改造旧世界、创造新生活。刘白羽强调写作主体的作用，抒发革命者的襟怀，表达革命的哲理。秦牧往往由自然景物或新生事物引发新的联想、新的感情，讴歌时代和新中国。作为新中国社会主义革命文化和审美意识形态的一种形式，政治抒情的散文因为方便快捷，贴近现实，打动人心，激发了人民群众的政治认同感和民族国家想象。以杨朔为代表的20 世纪五六十年代作家，追求散文的审美性，建构了一套政治抒情的诗化话语，只是在特定的历史语境中难以摆脱僵化的模式。

 

 

 

The Political Lyrical and Poetic Direction of Prose In the 1950s and 1960s

Huang Kaifa（Chongqing University）

Abstract The 1950s and 1960s witnessed a political-lyrical prose trend in China, characterized by their expressions of political emotions, political ideas, and imaginations about the nation and the state. Similar to the contemporary political lyrical poetry, these prose pieces depict imageries and create yijing (artistic mood) which is regarded by prose writers as the highest realm of prose aesthetics. Representative writers such as Yang Shuo, Liu Baiyu, and Qin Mu pursue poetic qualities by drawing inspiration from classical Chinese poetry, emphasizing the fusion of qing (emotions), jing (scenery), and li (philosophy). While yijing traditionally denotes the harmonious integration of emotions and scenery, li often manifests as political conceptualization. Yang Shuo often depicts representative figures to convey lyrical expressions, praising the Communist Party of China for cultivating the people, and the people for transforming the old world and creating a new life. Liu Baiyu highlights the role of the writer-as-revolutionary, articulating the ethos of revolutionaries and expounding revolutionary principles. Qin Mu often evokes fresh associations and emotions through natural scenery or emerging phenomena, praising the era and the New China. As a form of socialist revolutionary culture and aesthetic ideology in PRC, political-lyrical prose, due to its immediate evocation of emotional resonance through realistic representations, has stimulated the political identification and national imaginations among the people. Writers of the 1950s and 1960s represented by Yang Shuo pursue the aesthetics of prose and construct a set of political-lyrical poetic discourse, while rigid patterns haunt their works due to specific historical contexts.

Key words the 1950s and 1960s; lyrical prose; political lyricism; poeticizing; Yang Shuo; Liu Baiyu; Qin Mu

 

■    作者简介  黄开发，重庆大学中文系教授，重庆 400044。

 

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