作　者：陈哲立
关键词：监管科技；涉案财物处置；人工智能；数字资产；区块链；加密资产
摘　要：

以区块链资产为代表的虚拟货币转让便捷但法律本质属性不明确，部分类型的虚拟货币价格波动大。现行金融监管条件下，缺乏适当的平台实现涉刑事案件虚拟货币的终端处置，社会金融安全和行业发展之间的冲突外化为处置流程的正当性和安全性困境。虚拟货币可以被行为主体有效控制，虚拟货币的控制在功能主义意义上相当于有体物的占有，因而虚拟货币可以构成合法财产，并可以根据价值、底层资产和风险被分类。基于现行监管的文义解释和目的解释，公法性质的处置行为不受现行监管限制。监管部门应当在处置流程中运用大数据、人工智能等技术工具，建设受监管的多元处置主体，明确妥善保管责任、破产隔离关系、价格及费用认定规则。未来，治理虚拟货币风险需要应用监管科技，参照国际立法经验，构建包括虚拟货币法律属性定义和发行交易监管等内容的体系化法治框架。

 

The Paradox of Goal Alienation and the Institutional Adaptation Of The Treatment of Virtual Currencies Involved in Criminal Cases

Chen Zheli（Renmin University of China）

Abstract Virtual currencies represented by blockchain assets are easy to transfer, but unclear in their legal nature, with the prices of some types subject to significant volatility. Under the current financial regulatory framework, there is a lack of appropriate platforms to realize the terminal treatment of virtual currencies involved in criminal cases, with the conflict between social financial security and industry development externalized as the dilemma concerning the legitimacy and security of the treatment process. Since virtual currencies can be effectively controlled by the acting subjects, which is functionally equivalent to the possession of tangible property, they can be regarded as legal property and categorized based on their value, underlying as‐ sets and risk. Based on the textual and purposive interpretations of existing regulations, public law-based treatment is not subject to current regulatory framework. Regulatory authorities should employ technological tools such as big data and artificial intelligence in the treatment process to establish a regulated and diversified range of treatment entities, and clarify the rules for proper custodial responsibilities, insolvency isolation relationships and price and fee determination. Looking ahead, managing the risks associated with virtual currencies will necessitate the application of Regtech, and the construction of a systematic legal framework that includes the definition of legal attributes of virtual currencies and the regulation of their issuance and trading, drawing on international legislative practices.

Key words RegTech; treatment of property involved in criminal cases; artificial intelligence; digital asset; blockchain; crypto assets

 

■    作者简介  陈哲立，中国人民大学法学院讲师，北京 100872。

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