作　者：张卫中
关键词：语言变革；口语中心主义；文言；白话
摘　要：

 “文言”和“白话”是近代以来汉语书面语改革中出现的两个关键词。作为语体概念，“文言”和“白话”并非古已有之，而是近代知识者在口语中心主义基础上想象出来的两个概念。在中国近现代语言变革史上，一个最大的误识就是很多人将文言与白话的差异本质化，好像文言、白话真有本质不同。一个常见的说法是：文言使用秦以前的词汇、语法，白话使用秦以后口语中的词语和语法。实际上，在有文字记载的数千年历史上，中国语言并无大起大落的变化。在中国语言史上，与其说存在过文言和白话两种语体，不如说在清末民初这个大变革时代，知识者为了区别汉语书面语与口语关系的远近，发明了“文言”和“白话”两个概念。 

 

A Study on the Conception of Wenyan and Baihua

Zhang Weizhong（Jiangsu Normal University）

Abstract  Wenyan (Classical Chinese) and Baihua (vernacular Chinese) are two key terms that emerged in the reform of Chinese written language since modern times. The two terms, as stylistic concepts, did not have ancient origins, but are conceived by modern intellectuals based on an oral-language-centered perspective. In the history of modern and contemporary language evolution in China, one of the biggest misunderstandings is that the differences between the two are fundamental, as if they were totally different. A common assertion is that, Wenyan employs vocabulary and grammar from Chinese before Qin dynasty, while Baihua words and grammar in spoken language from after. In reality, the thousands of years of recorded history has not seen drastic changes in the Chinese language. It is not that there once existed two distinctive language styles of Wenyan and Baihua in the history of Chinese language, but that the two concepts were invented to distinguish the closeness of then written language to spoken language by intellectuals during the tumultuous period of the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China.

Key words  language change; oral-language-centeredness; Wenyan; Baihua

■ 作者简介  张卫中，江苏师范大学文学院教授，江苏 徐州 221116。

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